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History of Italian citizenship : ウィキペディア英語版
History of Italian citizenship

This article deals primarily with the nature of Italian citizenship from the time of unification to the present. It is concerned with the civil, political, and social rights and obligations of Italian nationals and addresses how these rights and obligations have been changed or manipulated throughout the last two centuries.
== Italian national identity before 1861 ==
In the Middle Ages, the Italian peninsula was split into five large and small sovereign states that were subsequently subdivided into several smaller, semi-autonomous, mini-sates.〔Roger Absalom, ''Italy Since 1800 A Nation in the Balance?'' (Harlow: Longman, 1995), 4.〕 In the mid 19th century, Napoleonic conquests resulted in French control over most of Italy.〔Absalom., 14.〕
This 14-year period of Napoleonic rule is substantial to Italian self-recognition, because the administration of the French influenced Italians into entertaining the idea of a constituted Italian nation state.〔Absalom., 17.〕 The repressive nature of this era also acted to engender a new generation of Italian national revolutionaries.〔Absalom., 21.〕 One of which was Giuseppe Mazzini, known as a founder of the ''Risorgimento''. Mazzini saw Italian nationality as inclusive: “For Mazzini, all Italians, irrespective of class and property, were impoverished and oppressed, and all were therefore included in his noton of 'the people'”〔Absalom., 23.〕

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